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Ernesto Cortés, Jr. is the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) co-chair and executive director of the (West / Southwest IAF ) regional network. The IAF provides leadership training and civics education to poor and moderate-income people across the US and UK. Cortés has been instrumental in the building of over 30 grassroots organizations known for developing and training community leaders.〔Robert Putnam (2003), ''Better Together''; Jeffrey Stout (2010), ''Blessed Are the Organized''; William Greider (1992), ''Who Will Tell the People?''; (Internet Industrial Areas Foundation ), accessed 4 February 2010; (West / Southwest IAF ), accessed 20 May 2011; (The Heinz Awards Ernest J. Cortés, Jr. Bio ), accessed 4 February 2010〕 ==Career== After attending an IAF training in Chicago and organizing in Wisconsin and Indiana in the early 1970s, Cortés returned to his hometown of San Antonio in 1974 to found Communities Organized for Public Service (COPS), the nationally recognized church-based grass roots organization of San Antonio’s west and south side communities.〔David Montejano (2010), ''Quixote's Soldiers: A Local History of the Chicano Movement, 1966-1981''〕 This work has since expanded to include broad-based organizing projects across ten Southwestern states including Texas, California, Nevada, Arizona, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Iowa, Oklahoma and Mississippi. These organizations' diverse faith institutions are joined by schools, labor and professional associations and non-profits.〔Jeffrey Stout (2010), ''Blessed Are the Organized''; William Julius Wilson (2001), ''The Bridge Over the Racial Divide''; Paul Osterman (2002), ''Gathering Power''〕 These organizations leveraged billions of dollars for poorer communities including $700 million in infrastructure improvements in the colonias (areas of Texas which lacked basic drainage systems) during the late 1980s and early 1990s, $2.8 billion in increased public funding to equalize school funding in Texas in the mid-1980s, and $10 million in state funding for workforce development projects equipping underemployed adults with job training options. Millions more have been invested (and saved) in community level infrastructure, healthcare reform and housing.〔Meg Sommerfeld, "Ordinary People," ''Education Week'' XIV, no. 18, (25 January 1995): 18; Robert Putnam & Lewis Feldstein, ''Better Together: Restoring the American Community'' (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 14-16 .〕 Cortés envisioned and launched the (Alliance Schools ) strategy - a lauded initiative to engage communities of adults in public education.〔Richard J. Murnane and Frank Levy (1996), ''Teaching the New Basic Skills: Principles for Educating Children to Thrive in a Changing Economy''; Dennis Shirley (1997), ''Community Organizing for Urban School Reform''; Dennis Shirley (2001), ''Valley Interfaith and School Reform: Organizing for Power in South Texas''〕 Identifying and training parent and community leaders to change the culture of their schools, the Alliance Schools have built a broad base of support for public education, both locally and statewide.〔Robert H. Wilson (1997), ''Public Policy and Community: Activism and Governance in Texas''〕 Alliance Schools have been successful in raising test scores by building a culture of collaboration, as recently documented by the Annenberg Institute for School Reform.〔Annenberg Institute (2009), ''Building Partnerships to Reinvent School Culture: Austin Interfaith''〕 Assisted by Cortés, the West / Southwest IAF established ten independently operating (Labor Market Intermediaries ) by building the capacity of constituents to create the requisite political will.〔William Greider(2003), ''The Soul of Capitalism: Opening Paths to a Moral Economy''; West/Southwest IAF: ( Labor Market Intermediaries )〕 The graduation rates of these projects consistently outpace those of the community colleges with which they partner, helping over 12,000 low wage employees become higher paid knowledge workers equipped with the needed skills in high demand fields.〔Paul Osterman (2000), ''Securing Prosperity: The American Labor Market; How it has Changed and What to Do About It''; Aspen Institute (2001), ''Project QUEST: A Case Study of a Sectoral Employment Development Approach''〕 These projects have additionally been shown to provide a positive Return On Investment for public entities that invest in them.〔"Return On Investment from Capital IDEA" by the Ray Marshall Center of UT Austin (2011); "Economic Impacts of the JobPath Program on Pima County" by Applied Economics (2014); "Economic Impact of Project ARRIBA on El Paso" by Institute for Policy and Economic Development of UT El Paso (2007); "VIDA: Economic Impact" by the Data & Information Systems Center of UT Pan American (2010).〕 He also assisted in several living wage campaigns in Texas which raised the wages of over 10,000 workers in the Rio Grande Valley, in addition to those in Austin and San Antonio.〔MIT (2000), ''Report on the Impact of the Valley Interfaith Living Wage Campaign''; West/Southwest IAF: (Living Wage Strategies )〕 A study of Cortes's work with IAF in Texas, ''Cold Anger,'' was written by Mary Beth Rogers. Dozens of other books further describe his work in and beyond Texas.〔(Bibliography )〕 Cortés coordinates regional and national leadership schools that train grassroots leaders to develop community organizations based on access to political power through relationship building, and social justice initiatives. He has helped community members win water and sewage facility and other infrastructure improvements, election campaigns, and increased access to affordable housing.〔Benjamin Marquez, ''Mexican American Organizations and Identity Politics'', pp. 48-50; Mary Beth Rogers, ''Cold Anger'', pp. 1-2.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernesto Cortes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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